Hair Facts And Information

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Hair Facts And Information

How hair grows?

The portion of the hair that we can see is called the shaft. Each shaft of hair protrudes from its follicle, which is a tube-like pouch just below the surface of the skin. The hair is attached to the base of the follicle by the hair root, which is where the hair actually grows and where it is nourished by tiny blood vessels.

Like the rest of the body, hairs are made of cells. As new cells form at its root, the hair is gradually pushed further and further out of the follicle. The cells at the base of each hair are close to the blood supply, and are living. As they get pushed further away from the base of the follicle they no longer have any nourishment, and so they die. As they die, they are transformed into a hard protein called keratin. So, each hair we see above the skin is dead protein. It is the follicle, which lies deep in the skin, that is the essential growing part of the hair.

The thickness of each hair depends on the size of the follicle from which it is growing. At puberty in boys, hormones increase the size of the follicles on the chin, chest and limbs so that each hair becomes more thick and wiry. In the elderly, the follicles shrink and the hair becomes finer.

Stages of hair growth

Hair growth is not a continuous process. It has several stages.

·	The first phase is the growing stage. Hair grows at about 1 cm each month, and this phase lasts for anything between 2 and 5 years.

·	This is followed by a resting stage, during which there is no growth. This phase lasts about 5 months, and is called telogen.

·	At the end of the resting phase, the hair is shed, and the follicle starts to grow a new one.

·	At any moment, about 90% of the hair follicles of the scalp are growing hairs in the first phase; only about 10% are in the resting phase.

·	If a follicle is destroyed for any reason, no new hair will grow from it.

Androgenetic alopecia

The most common cause of hair loss is known as androgenetic alopecia, also known as male pattern baldness (men), and female pattern baldness (woman).

15% of American males experience androgenetic alopecia by age 25, and almost 40% by age 35. It is a natural, age-related change in the body, and represents over 95% of all hair loss in men. The exact reason and cause of male pattern baldness is not known, though it is clear that our genetic structure is a massive part of it. The hormones also play a big part. Roughly put, the more androgens you have, the faster you lose your hair.

The loss of hair follows a pattern, but the hair on your sides and back of the head generally stays untouched. You can assess your chances of developing male pattern baldness by looking at your male relatives, starting with dad and grandfathers. The male pattern baldness genes can come from your mother just as easily, but may be less noticeable since it's often slower to develop in women. Male pattern baldness often begins slowly at puberty, but may then come on very fast or not at all.

For woman, female pattern baldness is the most common type of hair loss. It affects about 20 million women in the US alone, and is highly correlated to genetics. It can begin at puberty, but is most often seen after menopause. As we discussed previously, male and female pattern baldness happens when hair that falls out is no longer replaced. Female pattern hair loss is generally a change to thinning hair rather than just falling out, and is more noticeable on the top of the head.

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata is the development of patches of baldness, usually in small circular areas of the scalp. It is relatively common, affecting about 1 out of every 100 people in the US population. It is generally thought to be autoimmune (where the body's own cells and antibodies attack the body itself - in this instance the hair follicle, specifically the papilla/bulb area).This disease usually affects young adults, and occurs equally in men and woman (though it is more common in men in Italy and Spain). About 80% of people with alopecia areata eventually regrow most, if not all, of their hair. Many people, however, will have recurrent battles with this condition.

A severe form of alopecia areata is the total loss of scalp hair (alopecia totalis) and even sometimes the complete loss of all body hair (alopecia universalis). About 33% of those afflicted with these rare problems will grow back all their hair within a year, though again, recurrences do occur.

Anagen effluvium (chemical damage)

This type of hair loss initially causes patchy loss of hair (which often then advances to total hair loss). In this form of hair loss, rather than just shutting down the hair follicle, a chemical actually kills the hair follicle and anagen hair. The most common example of this are the effects of drugs used to treat cancer. Chemotherapy is medicine that's injected into the body to kill cancer cells. In effect, it's really a poison that's designed to kill more bad cells (i.e., the tumor cells) than good cells. One of the side effects is the poisoning of the hair follicle. The good news is, when the chemotherapy stops, the hair comes back (also about 6 months later).

Other drugs also can cause hair loss. Many medicines used to treat even common diseases can cause hair loss. Most do so by unknown mechanisms, and most of the drugs known to do this only cause hair loss in a small minority of patients. Obviously, you should ask your doctor before discontinuing a medication as some of these medicines require a slow taper to avoid complications.

Telogen effluvium (stress trigger)

Whether it's a death in the family, pregnancy, illness etc. body stressors can affect the hair follicle. It’s believed that the stressor causes a major change in a large portion of the hair follicles, moving them from the anagen (growth phase) to the catagen then telogen (rest phase). The follicle then lets go of the hair that's already there while refusing to provide a replacement. Known as telogen effluvium/deffluvium, it is the second most common cause for hair loss after androgenetic alopecia. It usually affects small, circular patches of the scalp in no apparent pattern. The good news is, when the stress goes, the hair comes back about 6 months later.

Although hair loss can occur with the stress of any illness, it is also a particular symptom of many different diseases. Most differ in the pattern of hair loss, and almost never resemble male pattern baldness. It's also important to recognize that hair loss is seldom the first and only presentation of these diseases. Most hair comes back when the disease goes away or is adequately treated. Some of the diseases associated with hair loss are as follows: Addison's disease, Hyperthyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroditis), Hypothyroidism, Iron Deficiency, Scarring, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Secondary Syphilis , Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and Vitiligo (there are others).

Two particularly interesting forms of hair loss are traction alopecia and trichotillomania. Traction alopecia is hair loss due to excessive and chronic pulling, or traction, on hair. It commonly occurs in people who braid or knot their hair. There is pronounced traction alopecia in the beard area of this Sikh man. In the Sikh religion, men do not cut scalp or beard hair. The beard hairs are pulled straight and then twisted and tightly knotted. Daily knotting often results in this form of traction alopecia.

Trichotillomania is the intentional pulling out of otherwise heathly hair. Most commonly, it is a temporary habit of no consequence. Sometimes, however, it is a symptom of a psychiatric or serious emotional problem. Most often seen in children and young adults, the pulling out of individual strands of hair has been associated with thumb-sucking and other habitual rituals. Usually scalp hair is pulled, though eyebrows, eyelashes, or pubic hair may be involved. Often the pulled hair is manipulated in a ritualized way (such as wrapping around a finger) before being discarded.

Treatment Of Male Pattern Baldness With Propecia Prescription Medication Propecia is a prescription medicine available from online pharmacies taken in tablet form that partially blocks the effects of the male hormones which cause male pattern baldness. Propecia is used in a higher dose to reduce the size of the prostate gland in men with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Propecia has been shown to halt further male hair loss and promote re-growth of scalp hair in approximately 80 per cent of men after three to six months use. Treatment with Propecia must be continued to sustain the improvement in hair growth.

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